TUV ZOF GEK WAV the more times practiced on Day 1, the fewer repetitions to relearn on Day 2 Spacing Effect distributed practice yields better long- term retention than massed practiceġ9 Encoding 20 15 10 5 8 16 24 32 42 53 64 Time in minutesĨ 16 24 32 42 53 64 Time in minutes taken to relearn list on day 2 Number of repetitions of list on day 1ġ2 Percentage of words recalled 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Position of word in list 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 Serial Position Effect-tendency to recall best the last items in a listĢ1 What Do We Encode? Semantic Encoding Acoustic Encoding Visual EncodingĮncoding of meaning including meaning of words Acoustic Encoding encoding of sound especially sound of words Visual Encoding encoding of picture imagesĢ3 Encoding Imagery Mnemonics mental picturesĪ powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding Mnemonics memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devicesĢ4 Encoding Chunking organizing items into familiar, manageable units Requires attention and conscious effort Rehearsal conscious repetition of information to maintain it in consciousness to encode it for storageġ8 Encoding Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables Spacing Effect Unconscious encoding of incidental information space time frequency well-learned information word meanings we can learn automatic processing reading backwardsġ7 Encoding Effortful Processing Rehearsal The immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system Working Memory focuses more on the processing of briefly stored informationġ3 Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term MemoryĪctivated memory that holds a few items briefly look up a phone number, then quickly dial before the information is forgotten Long-Term Memory the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory systemĮxternal events Sensory memory Short-term Long-term Sensory input Attention to important or novel information Encoding Retrieving The retention of encoded information over time Retrieval process of getting information out of memory Write to file save to disk read from disk Encoding the processing of information into the memory system i.e., extracting meaning Persistence of learning over time via the storage and retrieval of information Flashbulb Memory a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or eventġ0 Memory Memory as Information Processing Encoding similar to a computer McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers If you like Disney movies? When was the last time you have seen the movie? Are people around you being loud pain in the butts so you cannot concentrate?ħ Seven Dwarves Sleepy, Dopey, Grumpy, Sneezy, Happy, Doc and BashfulĬhapter 9 Memory James A. Memory is the persistence of learning over time What are some factors that made it easy or hard? To name the 7 dwarfs we must Get the info into our brain (encoding) Retain it over time (storage) Get it back out (retrieval)Ħ Was it easy or hard? It depends on several things…. Get out a blank piece of paper and write down all responses that come to mind in the order that they occur Your Task: Name the seven dwarfs from “Snow White”ĥ How difficult was this task? Was it Easy or Hard Which part of memory is malfunctioning in Dory’s case? Presentation on theme: "Memory The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information."- Presentation transcript:ġ Memory The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.Ģ Information Processing Model: The Brain works like a computer.Įncodes Packages info Stores Safely keeps info for later use Retrieves Brings info back into the conscious mind Do you think that the brain works like a computer? How is remembering something like opening a file on a computer?ģ Three Types of Memory In humans, information processing occurs in three systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, Long term memory.
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